Preheat the oven to 350℉ (175℃). Line two baking sheets with parchment paper.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the flour, baking powder, baking soda and salt. Set aside the flour mixture.
In a large bowl, cream the softened butter and granulated sugar together with an electric hand mixer on high speed until fluffy, about 2 minutes.
Add in the egg and vanilla and mix on medium speed until pale in color and very fluffy, about 1-2 minutes.
Add in the dry ingredients. Mix on low speed just until combined.
Push ¾ of the dough to the side of the bowl. Flatten out ¼ of the dough on the bottom of the bowl. Spoon ¼ of the jam onto that section of dough. Add ¼ of the dough on top of that section and spoon ¼ of the jam on top. Repeat twice more. (Basically, we are trying to evenly disperse the jam!)
Cut the dough in quarters with a rubber spatula and fold each section of dough just until the jam is slightly folded in. Don't mix the jam in all the way; you'll want there to be little pockets of jam throughout the dough.
Scoop the dough into 18 portions with a 2 tablespoon cookie scoop. Slightly flatten out each then place a frozen cheesecake disc in the center. Close the cheesecake in with the cookie dough. Shape each cookie dough section into a slightly flattened disc, rather than a ball.
Roll the cookie dough in sugar.
Transfer the cookie dough to a prepared baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Bake 6 cookies at a time for 11-12 minutes.
Let the cookies cool for about 10 minutes on the cookie sheet, then transfer the baked cookies to a cooling rack to cool completely. Then serve!